油門位置: 油門越大,螺旋槳拉力或推力越大,飛機增速快,起飛滑跑距離就短。所以,一般應(yīng)用zui大功率或zui大油門狀態(tài)起飛。
Throttle position: The higher the throttle, the greater the propeller pull or thrust, the faster the aircraft accelerates, and the shorter the takeoff and roll distance. Therefore, it is generally used for takeoff with high power or high throttle.
離地迎角: 離地迎角的大小決定于抬前輪或抬機尾的高度。離地迎角大,離地速度小,起飛滑跑距離短。但離地迎角又不可過大,離地迎角過大,不僅會因飛機阻力大而使飛機增速慢延長滑跑距離,而且會直接危及飛行an全。
Angle of attack from the ground: The magnitude of the angle of attack from the ground depends on the height of lifting the front wheel or tail of the aircraft. High angle of attack from the ground, low ground speed, and short takeoff and running distance. But the angle of attack from the ground should not be too large. If the angle of attack from the ground is too large, not only will the aircraft slow down due to high resistance, but it will also directly endanger the flight safety.
襟翼位置: 放下襟翼,可加大升力系數(shù),減小離地速度,因而能縮短起飛滑跑距離。
Flap position: Lowering the flaps can increase the lift coefficient, reduce the ground clearance speed, and thus shorten the takeoff distance.
起飛重量: 起飛重量加大,不僅使飛機離地速度加大,而且會引起機輪摩擦力增加,使飛機不易加速。因此,起飛重量加大,起飛滑跑距離增長。
Takeoff weight: An increase in takeoff weight not only increases the aircraft's ground clearance speed, but also causes an increase in wheel friction, making it difficult for the aircraft to accelerate. Therefore, the takeoff weight increases and the takeoff distance increases.
機場標(biāo)高與氣溫: 機場標(biāo)高或氣溫升高都會引起空氣密度減小,一放面使拉力或推力減小,飛機加速慢;另一方面,離地速度加大,因此起飛滑跑距離必然增長。
Airport elevation and temperature: An increase in airport elevation or temperature can cause a decrease in air density. Once the surface is raised, the tension or thrust will decrease, and the aircraft will accelerate slowly; On the other hand, as the ground clearance speed increases, the takeoff distance will inevitably increase.
跑道表面質(zhì)量: 不同跑道表面質(zhì)量的摩擦系數(shù),滑跑距離也就不同。跑道表面如果光滑平坦而堅實,則摩擦系數(shù)小,摩擦力小,飛機增速快,起飛滑跑距離短。反之跑道表面粗糙不平或松軟,起飛滑跑距離就長。
Runway surface quality: The friction coefficient of different runway surface qualities also affects the running distance. If the surface of the runway is smooth, flat, and solid, the friction coefficient is small, the friction force is small, the aircraft speed is fast, and the takeoff and taxiing distance is short. On the contrary, if the surface of the runway is rough or soft, the takeoff and running distance will be longer.
風(fēng)向風(fēng)速: 起飛滑跑時,為了產(chǎn)生足夠的升力使飛機離地,不論有風(fēng)或無風(fēng),離地空速是一定的。但滑跑距離只與地速有關(guān),逆風(fēng)滑跑時,離地地速小,所以起飛滑跑距離比無風(fēng)時短。反之則長。
Wind direction and speed: During takeoff and taxiing, in order to generate sufficient lift to lift the aircraft off the ground, regardless of whether there is wind or no wind, the airspeed above the ground is constant. But the distance of the taxiing is only related to the ground speed. When taxiing against the wind, the ground speed is small, so the takeoff taxiing distance is shorter than when there is no wind. On the contrary, it is longer.
滑跑坡度: 跑道有坡度,會使飛機加速力加大或減小。
Gliding slope: The runway has a slope that increases or decreases the aircraft's acceleration force.
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