展館模型的心路歷程

　　The emotional journey of the exhibition hall model

　　國慶前夕，泉誼模型有幸在北京展覽館“偉大歷程 輝煌成就 而后，泉誼為航空工業(yè)承制的軍事模型又有幸在2019堯城（太原）國際通用航空飛行大會(huì)中展出。

　　On the eve of National Day, Quanyi Model had the honor of showcasing its military models for the aviation industry at the 2019 Yaocheng (Taiyuan) International General Aviation Flight Conference, following its glorious achievements in the great journey at the Beijing Exhibition Center.

　　有人好奇，一款模型，到底需要經(jīng)過什么樣的工序，才能最終呈現(xiàn)在觀眾面前呢？這次小編就帶大家解密泉誼大模型的生產(chǎn)制作過程一般來說，一款模型從訂單到出廠需要經(jīng)過以下八個(gè)步驟才能完成哦模型設(shè)計(jì)

　　Some people are curious about what processes a model needs to go through before it can finally be presented to the audience? This time, the editor will take you to decrypt the production process of Quanyi large models. Generally speaking, a model needs to go through the following eight steps from order to factory to complete the model design

　　1

　　one

　　設(shè)計(jì)是模型制作的基礎(chǔ)，設(shè)計(jì)部門根據(jù)客戶提供的、數(shù)據(jù)、樣板等資料開展設(shè)計(jì)方案，按照材質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)、工件排位等要求使用電腦工程制圖軟件進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)。設(shè)計(jì)可不僅僅只是畫圖這么簡(jiǎn)單

　　Design is the foundation of model making, and the design department develops design plans based on customer provided data, templates, and other materials. Computer engineering drawing software is used to design according to material structure, workpiece arrangement, and other requirements. Design is not just about drawing

　　重點(diǎn)

　　a key

　　模型在設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)就要考慮后續(xù)工藝、運(yùn)輸、組裝、安裝甚至展示的問題，根據(jù)機(jī)身、機(jī)翼、平尾和垂尾、起落架等進(jìn)行分解，包括內(nèi)部龍骨的排列布局和安裝結(jié)構(gòu)件，在電腦上完成拆分后對(duì)模型進(jìn)行組裝調(diào)整和改進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì)，以此保證后期階段的順利執(zhí)行。

　　When designing a model, it is necessary to consider subsequent processes, transportation, assembly, installation, and even display issues. The model should be decomposed based on the fuselage, wings, flat and vertical tails, landing gear, etc., including the arrangement and layout of internal keel and installation structural components. After the disassembly is completed on the computer, the model should be assembled, adjusted, and improved to ensure smooth execution in the later stages.

　　亮相珠海航展的殲31模型

　　The J-31 model showcased at the Zhuhai Airshow

　　以泉誼多次參展的1:2殲31模型為例，當(dāng)時(shí)的設(shè)計(jì)方案便是將飛機(jī)模型分為八個(gè)部分，分別制作再組裝成型。

　　Taking the 1:2 J-31 model exhibited by Quanyi multiple times as an example, the design plan at that time was to divide the aircraft model into eight parts, which were made and assembled separately.

　　模型拆分效果圖

　　Model splitting rendering

　　整體內(nèi)部單元結(jié)構(gòu)圖

　　Overall internal unit structure diagram

　　部分設(shè)計(jì)方案展示

　　Partial design scheme display

　　部分設(shè)計(jì)方案展示

　　Partial design scheme display

　　機(jī)身內(nèi)部單元結(jié)構(gòu)圖

　　Internal Unit Structure Diagram of the Aircraft Body

　　模型機(jī)身內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)輔助圖

　　Auxiliary diagram of the internal structure of the model body

　　設(shè)計(jì)一般只針對(duì)外形進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)，根據(jù)客戶需求，有些需要進(jìn)行內(nèi)飾解剖  數(shù)控加工

　　Design is generally only focused on the appearance, and according to customer needs, some require interior dissection and CNC machining

　　2

　　two

　　設(shè)計(jì)建模后，模具部根據(jù)模型機(jī)身主體、機(jī)翼、座艙蓋等分別進(jìn)行數(shù)控加工，一般選用木質(zhì)材料并將其作為陽?；蚱渌绞介_模具的樣板。

　　After designing and modeling, the mold department performs CNC machining on the model body, wings, cockpit cover, etc. Generally, wooden materials are selected and used as templates for male molds or other mold making methods.

　　起源于航空工業(yè)需要的數(shù)控技術(shù)，能夠保證質(zhì)量穩(wěn)定，精度準(zhǔn)確，適應(yīng)飛行器的要求，用在仿真模型制造行業(yè)，則能夠保證數(shù)據(jù)精準(zhǔn)，高度還原。

　　Originating from the aviation industry, CNC technology can ensure stable quality, accurate precision, and meet the requirements of aircraft. When used in the simulation model manufacturing industry, it can ensure accurate data and high fidelity.

　　但有些廠家為節(jié)省時(shí)間和成本，在木模制作完成后直接敷設(shè)玻璃鋼復(fù)合材料，進(jìn)入外形殼體階段，這樣制作的產(chǎn)品會(huì)大大降低模型的外形精準(zhǔn)度和光潔度。拼裝修正

　　However, some manufacturers, in order to save time and costs, directly lay fiberglass composite materials after the completion of the wooden mold production, entering the stage of the outer shell. Such products will greatly reduce the accuracy and smoothness of the model's appearance. Assembly correction

　　3

　　three

　　數(shù)控加工后的各個(gè)部件進(jìn)行打磨和拼裝檢查，以保證木模外形準(zhǔn)確，制作好的木模（通常稱為“模種”）噴上底灰，供客戶確認(rèn)外形和功能結(jié)構(gòu)，再綜合各方意見對(duì)模具進(jìn)行修正，直到客戶滿意，才能投入下一環(huán)節(jié)。

　　After CNC machining, each component is polished and assembled for inspection to ensure the accuracy of the shape of the wooden mold. The finished wooden mold (usually referred to as the "mold type") is sprayed with bottom ash for the customer to confirm the shape and functional structure, and then the mold is modified based on various opinions until the customer is satisfied before proceeding to the next step.

　　陰模制作

　　Negative mold production

　　4

　　four

　　制作過程中，如模型體積較大，需要利用分塊方式進(jìn)行工程分模，分別對(duì)機(jī)身主體、機(jī)翼、垂尾等進(jìn)行制作，按照受力需要進(jìn)行鋼筋加固等操作。

　　During the production process, if the model has a large volume, it is necessary to use a block method for engineering partitioning. The main body, wings, vertical tail, etc. of the aircraft should be made separately, and steel reinforcement should be carried out according to the force requirements.

　　外殼成形

　　Shell forming

　　5

　　five

　　根據(jù)模型的受力分析和載荷等計(jì)算，選用高強(qiáng)度、抗腐蝕的玻璃纖維材料進(jìn)行合理方向鋪設(shè)，確保最后產(chǎn)品不開裂。

　　Based on the force analysis and load calculation of the model, high-strength and corrosion-resistant glass fiber materials are selected for reasonable directional laying to ensure that the final product does not crack.

　　泉誼模型有邊緣敷設(shè)專利，粘接配方經(jīng)過高低溫測(cè)試，一般按照客戶需求和實(shí)際情況在內(nèi)部鋪設(shè)3-6層玻璃鋼纖維，以保證產(chǎn)品的硬度和強(qiáng)度。但一些廠家為降低成本，在此環(huán)節(jié)采用編制材料，這樣制作的模型無法經(jīng)過高低溫檢測(cè)，更無法保證產(chǎn)品的安全。

　　The Quanyi model has a patent for edge laying, and the bonding formula has undergone high and low temperature testing. Generally, 3-6 layers of fiberglass are laid inside according to customer needs and actual situations to ensure the hardness and strength of the product. However, some manufacturers use woven materials in this process to reduce costs, and the models made in this way cannot undergo high and low temperature testing, let alone ensure product safety.

　　組裝打磨

　　Assembly and polishing

　　6

　　six

　　組裝

　　assemble

　　模型部件完成后，通過對(duì)機(jī)身主體進(jìn)行骨架校準(zhǔn)來確定平衡位置，以便安裝支撐點(diǎn)，此時(shí)用支架托起機(jī)身，分別組裝機(jī)翼、平尾和垂尾、座艙、起落架等部件，與機(jī)身對(duì)接，并調(diào)整接縫。

　　After the completion of the model components, the balance position is determined by calibrating the skeleton of the main body of the fuselage, in order to install support points. At this time, the fuselage is supported by brackets, and the wings, flat and vertical tails, cockpit, landing gear and other components are assembled separately, docked with the fuselage, and the joints are adjusted.

　　在模型生產(chǎn)中，接口縫隙不可避免，但根據(jù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求，縫隙要考慮大小適中、均勻、對(duì)稱等問題，符合既美觀又便于安裝、拆卸的要求。

　　In model production, interface gaps are inevitable, but according to standard requirements, gaps should consider issues such as moderate size, uniformity, symmetry, etc., in order to meet the requirements of both aesthetics and ease of installation and disassembly.

　　一般而言，高精度模型的縫隙標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要達(dá)到1~4m模型≦±1.5mm，1米以下≦±1mm，4m以上模型≦±3mm。

　　Generally speaking, the gap standard for high-precision models should reach ≤± 1.5mm for models ranging from 1 to 4m, ≤± 1mm for models below 1m, and ≤± 3mm for models above 4m.

　　泉誼模型（縫隙均小于2毫米）

　　Quanyi Model (with gaps less than 2 millimeters)

　　一般廠家模型（縫隙不均勻，超過1厘米）

　　General manufacturer model (uneven gaps, exceeding 1 centimeter)

　　打磨

　　polish

　　通過特殊工具對(duì)模型進(jìn)行整體打磨、修正等細(xì)節(jié)完善，有些零部件較為繁瑣，前前后后需要?dú)v經(jīng)多道工序。

　　By using special tools to polish and correct the overall details of the model, some components are more complicated and require multiple processes before and after.

　　涂裝上色

　　Painting and coloring

　　7

　　seven

　　噴漆

　　Spray painting

　　通過色卡進(jìn)行調(diào)色配色，確保與色卡無明顯色差后（吻合率達(dá)98%以上），先整體噴涂一層面漆，而后進(jìn)行封邊，再噴涂其他顏色，為避免影響模型美觀，杜絕后續(xù)手補(bǔ)油漆。

　　By using color cards for color matching, ensure that there is no significant color difference with the color card (with a matching rate of over 98%), first spray a layer of topcoat as a whole, then seal the edges, and then spray other colors to avoid affecting the appearance of the model and prevent subsequent hand touch up painting.

　　漆料的選擇也是一道學(xué)問，不僅要符合環(huán)保無毒的要求，考慮到一些露天展覽的需要，應(yīng)選擇防水防曬油漆，并經(jīng)過高溫烤漆和靜電噴涂的工序，來保證模型永久光澤鮮亮。

　　The selection of paint is also a matter of knowledge. It should not only meet the requirements of environmental protection and non toxicity, but also consider the needs of some outdoor exhibitions. Waterproof and sunscreen paint should be selected, and undergo high-temperature baking and electrostatic spraying processes to ensure that the model has a permanent and bright luster.

　　水紙

　　Water paper

　　水紙粘貼要求也很專業(yè)，不僅要筆直、無翹邊翹角，對(duì)稱部位水紙要做到對(duì)稱，圖案無誤，位置誤差應(yīng)小于1-2毫米。

　　The requirements for water paper pasting are also very professional, not only should it be straight, without any raised edges or corners, but the symmetrical parts of the water paper should be symmetrical, the pattern should be correct, and the position error should be less than 1-2 millimeters.

　　成品檢驗(yàn)

　　Finished product inspection

　　8

　　eight

　　根據(jù)客戶需求和公司內(nèi)部制定的大模型標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，從材料到表面光潔度，按照展覽精品、普通科普等多種標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，對(duì)模型功能進(jìn)行逐一檢測(cè)，每個(gè)功能經(jīng)過20-50次以上連續(xù)測(cè)試，若無故障才視為通過。

　　According to customer needs and the large model standards established internally by the company, from materials to surface smoothness, the model functions are tested one by one according to various standards such as exhibition masterpieces and general science popularization. Each function undergoes more than 20-50 consecutive tests, and it is considered to have passed if there are no faults.

　　光潔度檢測(cè)

　　Surface smoothness testing

　　對(duì)模型進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn)測(cè)試，以目測(cè)為主，輔以強(qiáng)光多角度檢查，高精品展覽模型的要求是在1000瓦強(qiáng)光照射下無波浪紋，普通科普模型要求是在500瓦強(qiáng)光照射下無波浪紋。

　　Conduct visual inspection and testing on the model, supplemented by strong light multi angle inspection. The requirement for high-quality exhibition models is to have no wave patterns under 1000 watt strong light irradiation, while the requirement for ordinary science popularization models is to have no wave patterns under 500 watt strong light irradiation.

　　△亮相珠海航展的運(yùn)20模型

　　The Y-20 model showcased at the Zhuhai Airshow

　　保證產(chǎn)品表面無空洞氣泡、無收縮變形，檢測(cè)以硬質(zhì)器物如鐵棒，敲打產(chǎn)品表面棱角處，整體表面用平板尺檢測(cè)，誤差應(yīng)≦0.5mm，不能出現(xiàn)凹痕、波浪、螺釘帽痕，針眼大小的砂眼等

　　Ensure that the surface of the product is free of voids, bubbles, and shrinkage deformation. Use hard objects such as iron bars to test the edges and corners of the product surface, and use a flat ruler to test the overall surface. The error should be ≤ 0.5mm, and there should be no dents, waves, screw cap marks, needle sized sand holes, etc

　　經(jīng)過前面工序精心制作出來的模型，在經(jīng)過產(chǎn)品檢測(cè)后，需安置在專門的運(yùn)輸箱內(nèi)，針對(duì)每款模型定制木板進(jìn)行卡位固定，在木板與模型交界處包裹泡沫紙等材料，防止模型在運(yùn)輸途中損壞。最后，經(jīng)過一番長(zhǎng)途跋涉，這種大比例高仿真的軍事模型才能在大型展覽或展館中驚艷亮相。

　　The models carefully made in the previous process need to be placed in a special transport box after product testing. Customized boards for each model need to be clamped, and foam paper and other materials are wrapped at the junction of the board and the model to prevent the model from being damaged during transportation. Finally, after a long journey, this large-scale and highly simulated military model can make a stunning appearance in large-scale exhibitions or exhibition halls.

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